Topics in Neurology version 3

Getting to know your neurology drugs

• Antiepileptic drugs
  • Introduction
  • Carbamazepine
  • Ethosuximide
  • Gabapentin
  • Lamotrigine
  • Levetiracetam
  • Oxcarbazepine
  • Phenobarbitone
  • Phenytoin
  • Pregabalin
  • Primidone
  • Sodium valproate
  • Tiagabine
  • Topiramate
  • Vigabatrin
  • Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome
• Benzodiazepines
  • Introduction
  • Clonazepam
  • Diazepam
  • Midazolam
• Drugs used in Parkinson’s disease
  • Amantadine
  • Dopamine agonists
  • Entacapone
  • Levodopa
  • Selegiline
• Anticholinergic drugs
• Drugs used in migraine
  • Introduction
  • Drugs used in the treatment of migraine
    • Dihydroergotamine
    • Ergotamine
    • Pizotifen
    • Triptans
  • Drugs used in migraine prophylaxis
    • Beta blockers
    • Methysergide
• Drugs used in cerebrovascular disease
  • Alteplase
  • Aspirin
  • Clopidogrel
  • Dipyridamole
  • Nimodipine
• Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants
  • Azathioprine
  • Corticosteroids
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Cyclosporin
  • Glatiramer acetate
  • Immunoglobulin
  • Interferon beta
  • Methotrexate
  • Mitozantrone
  • Mycophenolate mofetil
• Muscle relaxants
  • Baclofen
  • Dantrolene
• Drugs used in neuromuscular disorders
  • Botulinum toxin
  • Pyridostigmine
  • Riluzole
• Antipsychotics
  • Droperidol and haloperidol
• Drugs used for the treatment of bladder symptoms
  • Amitriptyline
  • Imipramine
  • Oxybutynin
  • Propantheline
• Drugs used in Ménière’s disease
  • Betahistine

Epilepsy

• Introduction
• General measures in treating epilepsy
• Monitoring epilepsy
• Refractory epilepsy
• Generalised epilepsies
  • West syndrome (infantile spasms)
  • Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
  • Childhood and juvenile absence epilepsies
  • Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
  • Epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures on awakening
• Partial epilepsies
  • General considerations
  • Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
  • Simple partial, complex partial and secondarily generalised seizures
• Epilepsies undetermined whether partial or generalised
  • Neonatal seizures
  • Tonic-clonic seizures: whether generalised or partial
• Febrile seizures
• Status epilepticus
• Single unprovoked seizure
• Maintenance therapy
• Monitoring antiepileptic plasma levels
• Cessation of antiepileptic drug therapy
• Antiepileptic therapy in women

Facial pain

• Introduction
• Trigeminal neuralgia
• Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
• Facial migraine
• Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)
• Temporomandibular pain and dysfunction syndrome
• Tooth pain (nontraumatic)
• Acute glaucoma
• Angina
• Atypical facial pain
• Sinus pain
  • Acute sinusitis
  • Barotrauma
  • Chronic sinusitis

Headache

• Introduction
• Tension headache
• Migraine
  • Introduction
  • Acute migraine attack
  • Persistent migraine (status migrainosus)
  • Prophylaxis of migraine attacks
  • Menstrual migraine
  • Migraine, oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy and stroke risk
  • Migraine during pregnancy
  • Migraine and lactation
  • Migraine in children
  • Aura without headache
• Cervicogenic headache
• Occipital neuralgia
• Headache attributed to a substance or its withdrawal
• Post-traumatic headache
• Cluster headache
• Paroxysmal hemicrania
• Cough, exertional and sexual headache
• Ice-pick headache
• Post-lumbar puncture headache

Motion sickness and vertigo

• Motion sickness
• Vertigo
  • General considerations
  • Acute vertigo
    • Vestibular neuronitis (vestibular neuritis)
    • Symptomatic treatment (vestibular neuronitis and other vestibular causes)
  • Recurrent vertigo
    • Introduction
    • Ménière’s disease
    • Migrainous vertigo
  • Motion-induced vertigo
    • Uncompensated peripheral vestibular lesion
    • Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
  • Psychogenic vertigo and dizziness
• Gait ataxia (or disequilibrium)
• Tinnitus

Movement disorders

• Introduction
• Essential tremor and related conditions
  • Essential tremor
  • Task-specific tremors
  • Isolated tremors
  • Orthostatic tremor
• Parkinson’s disease
  • Introduction
  • Treatment of early Parkinson’s disease
  • Treatment of advancing Parkinson’s disease and nonmotor complications
• ‘Parkinson plus’ disorders
  • Multiple system atrophy
  • Progressive supranuclear palsy
  • Corticobasal ganglionic degeneration
• Chorea/ballism
• Myoclonus
• Dystonia
  • Focal dystonias
    • Blepharospasm
    • Cervical dystonia
    • Spasmodic dysphonia
    • Occupational dystonias
  • Generalised dystonia
    Introduction
    • Dopa-responsive dystonia
• Drug-induced movement disorders
  • Introduction
  • Acute dystonia, akathisia and drug-induced parkinsonism
  • Tardive syndromes
  • Syndromes associated with withdrawal of antipsychotic drugs
• Hemifacial spasm
• Tics

Multiple sclerosis

• Introduction
• Acute relapses
  • Mild relapses
  • Moderate relapses
  • Severe relapses
• Therapy directed at the underlying disease
  • Introduction
  • Immunomodulators
  • Immunosuppressants
  • Monitoring immunotherapy in multiple sclerosis
• Therapy directed at symptoms of multiple sclerosis
  • Spasticity
  • Paroxysmal symptoms
  • Fatigue
  • Tremor
  • Bladder symptoms
  • Bowel symptoms
  • Psychiatric symptoms
  • Sexual difficulties
• Immunisation and travel
• Hormone preparations
• Anaesthetics and operations
• Pregnancy and labour
• Genetic risk
• Diet and weight
• Substance dependency
• Smoking
• Other information

Neuromuscular disorders

• Muscle cramps
• Diseases of muscle
  • General considerations
  • Polymyositis and dermatomyositis
  • Inclusion body myositis
• Myasthenia gravis
  • General considerations
  • Treatment
  • Ocular myasthenia gravis
• Facial nerve (Bell’s) palsy
• Peripheral neuropathy
  • General considerations
  • Acquired inflammatory polyneuropathies
    • Introduction
    • Acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barré syndrome)
    • Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
    • Multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block
• Myotonia
• Motor neurone disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
• Acute brachial neuritis (neuralgic amyotrophy, Parsonage-Turner syndrome)
• Lumbosacral plexitis
• Nerve entrapment syndromes
  • General considerations
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Fatigue

Neuropathic pain

• Introduction
• Treatment of neuropathic pain
• Phantom limb pain
• Acute herpes zoster
• Postherpetic neuralgia

Stroke and transient ischaemic attack

• Introduction
• Classification
• Primary prevention
  • General considerations
  • Smoking cessation
  • Low-dose aspirin
  • Treatment of hypertension
  • Treatment of stroke risk in atrial fibrillation
    • Warfarin
    • Aspirin
    • Clopidogrel
  • Management of diabetes
  • Treatment of hypercholesterolaemia
  • Treatment of asymptomatic carotid stenosis
• Acute stroke treatment
  • General considerations
  • Ischaemic stroke
    • Hypertension
    • Acute aspirin
    • Heparin, low molecular weight heparin or heparinoids
    • Thrombolytic therapy
    • Neurosurgery for space-occupying infarcts
      • Malignant middle cerebral artery infarction
      • Extensive cerebellar infarction
    • Unproven therapies
  • Haemorrhagic stroke
    • Intracerebral haemorrhage
    • Subarachnoid haemorrhage
  • Rarer causes of stroke
    • Bacterial endocarditis
    • Cerebral venous thrombosis
    • Carotid or vertebrobasilar arterial dissection
    • Patent foramen ovale
• Secondary prevention
  • General considerations
  • Antiplatelet therapy
    • Aspirin and dipyridamole
    • Clopidogrel
    • Antiplatelet therapy and surgery
  • Warfarin
  • Blood pressure lowering
  • Treatment of hypercholesterolaemia
  • Carotid surgery
  • Angioplasty or stenting
• Poststroke rehabilitation
• Stroke in children
• Stroke and migraine

Appendices

• Monitoring antiepileptic drug therapy
• Neurology drug interactions
• Neurology drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding
• Sources of information

Glossary

Electronic version

Therapeutic Guidelines: Neurology is available in electronic format as part of eTG complete.