Log in to My account
Email
Password
Home
Open menu The organisation
Open menu News
Products
Analgesic
Antibiotic
Cardiovascular
Dermatology
Endocrinology
Gastrointestinal
Neurology
Oral and Dental
Palliative Care
Psychotropic
Respiratory
Rheumatology
Toxicology and Wilderness
Developmental Disability
Other publications
eTG complete
miniTG
Prices
Prices
Production process
Endorsements
My account
Purchase
Support
Open menu Contact us
 
Developmental Disability version 2, 2005
Home  Products  Developmental Disability

Topics in Developmental Disability version 2

Overview of developmental disability care
Common presentations
How to communicate with your patient
Methods of communication
Informing parents of their child’s disability
Assessment of developmental delay and disability
Management of a child with developmental disability
Management of an adolescent with developmental disability
Adult health care
Aged care
Preventive health care and health promotion
Challenging behaviour
Medication and challenging behaviour
Assessment of psychiatric disorders
Management of psychiatric disorders
Epilepsy
Nutritional disorders
Dysphagia
Oral health
Sexuality
Women’s health
Men’s health
Advocacy
Down syndrome
Cerebral palsy
Autism spectrum disorders (pervasive developmental disorders)
Fragile X syndrome
Prader-Willi syndrome
Tuberous sclerosis
Rett syndrome
Williams syndrome
Angelman syndrome
Noonan syndrome
Neurofibromatosis type 1
Resources
Associations for specific syndromes
Glossary

 

Overview of developmental disability care

  • Using the book
  • Definitions
  • Conceptual models of disability
  • Developmental disability prevalence
  • Health care
  • Heterogeneity of the population
  • Key principles of care

Common presentations

  • Assessment
  • Symptoms more common in people with developmental disability
    • Changes in weight
    • Pica, halitosis and nasal discharge
    • Reflux and regurgitation
    • Inability to cope with menstruation
    • Spasticity and contractures
    • Challenging behaviour

How to communicate with your patient

  • Important issues in communication
    • Focus on abilities, not disabilities
    • Establish rapport
    • Obtaining information from other sources
  • Maximise communication
    • Reception and preappointment procedures
    • Health records maintenance
    • Consultation time and frequency
  • Facilitate communication and history taking
    • Greeting your patient
    • Assessing communication skills
    • Using clear communication
    • Using repetition
    • Asking open-ended questions and giving a choice of alternatives
    • Providing concrete examples and diagrams
    • Monitoring the patient’s response

Methods of communication

  • Augmentative and alternative communication
    • Unaided systems
    • Aided systems
    • Multimodal communication
  • Communicating with someone who has complex communication needs
    • Determining how the person communicates
    • Communicating directly to the person with disability
    • Communicating through a support person

Informing parents of their child’s disability

  • General principles
    • Location and people present
    • When to convey the news
    • Manner and content of delivery
    • Facilitate ongoing support
  • Specific issues
    • When the disability is detected at birth
    • When the diagnosis occurs later in life

Assessment of developmental delay and disability

  • Aetiology
  • Normal development
  • Presentation
    • Children
    • Adults
    • Patterns of presentation
    • Rate of development
  • Assessment
    • Key points to note
    • History taking
    • Examination
    • Investigations
  • Discussing the diagnosis with parents
  • Further assessment and referral
    • Referral to a genetics service
    • Developmental and psychological testing

Management of a child with developmental disability

  • General principles
    • Children first
    • Patterns of development
    • Habilitation
    • Families
  • Role of the general practitioner
  • Health care issues
  • Services for the child and family
    • Consumer groups
    • Early intervention services
  • Communication
  • Special equipment and aids
  • School
  • Further reading

Management of an adolescent with developmental disability

  • Role of the general practitioner
  • Communication
  • Medical issues
    • Pubertal changes
    • Substance misuse
    • Mental health
  • Care of the family
  • Cognitive issues
    • Development in adolescents with intellectual disability
  • Psychosocial issues
    • Friendships
    • Emergence of sexuality
    • Increased independence from the family
    • Development of an adult identity
  • Challenging behaviour
  • School
    • Transition from school
    • Continuation of therapies
    • Establishing new friendships
  • Leaving home

Adult health care

  • Commonly unrecognised or untreated conditions
  • Vision and hearing impairments and disorders
  • Gastrointestinal problems
    • Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
    • Mild, intermittent gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
    • Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease requiring regular therapy
    • Helicobacter pylori infection
    • Constipation
  • Urinary incontinence
  • Endocrine disease
    • Osteoporosis
    • Osteomalacia
    • Thyroid disease
    • Diabetes
    • Respiratory disease

Aged care

  • General clinical assessment
  • Health screening and prevention
  • General medical issues
  • Ageing and developmental disability syndromes
  • Medication review
  • Specific medical issues
    • Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease
    • Diabetes
    • Vision and hearing impairment
    • Skin and temperature homeostasis
    • Gastrointestinal conditions
    • Urinary incontinence
    • Arthritis
    • Osteoporosis, falls and fractures
    • Hypothyroidism
    • Parkinson’s disease
  • Psychiatric issues
    • Delirium
    • Dementia
    • Depression, bereavement and grief
    • Chronic psychiatric disorders
  • Ageing in place
    • Environmental modifications
  • Placement in aged care facilities
  • Further reading

Preventive health care and health promotion

  • Yearly physical
  • Health screening
  • Nutrition
  • Exercise
  • Immunisation
  • Medication review
  • Abuse
  • Further reading

Challenging behaviour

  • Management
    • Safety
    • Describing behaviour
    • Limitations and needs of support persons
    • Medical and psychiatric assessment, and continued information gathering
    • Integrate other resources and assessments
    • Review and plan intervention
    • Manage and refer
    • Monitor and review

Medication and challenging behaviour

  • Before prescribing medication
  • Establishing a treatment plan
  • Precautions in prescribing psychotropic medications
  • Behavioural emergencies
  • Repeated and serious acts of aggression
  • Harmful self-injurious behaviour
  • Continued agitated and restless behaviour
  • Stereotyped behaviour

Assessment of psychiatric disorders

  • Presentation of psychiatric disorders
  • Assessment
    • History taking
    • Examinations and investigations
  • Anxiety disorders
    • Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder
    • Obsessive compulsive disorder
    • Phobias
  • Mood disorders
    • Depression
    • Bipolar affective disorder
    • Mixed mood episode
  • Psychoses
  • Co-morbidities
    • Epilepsy
    • Autism spectrum disorders
    • Impairments in prefrontal function

Management of psychiatric disorders

  • Key management points
  • Psychological interventions
    • Supportive psychotherapies
    • Behavioural therapies
    • Psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy
  • Pharmacological management
    • Principles of psychotropic medication use
    • Withdrawal from antipsychotic medication
    • Investigations prior to treatment with psychotropic medication
    • Treatment in situations of diagnostic uncertainty
    • Psychotic disorders
    • Mood disorders
    • Anxiety disorders

Epilepsy

  • Epilepsy and specific developmental syndromes
  • Diagnosis
    • History taking
    • Differential diagnosis
    • Investigations
  • Classification of seizures
  • Management
    • Anitepileptic drug treatment
    • Specific areas of management
    • Other management issues

Nutritional disorders

  • Assessment of weight status
  • Underweight
    • Children
    • Adults
    • Consequences of underweight
    • Assessment
    • Management
  • Overweight and obesity
    • Prevalence
    • Consequences of overweight and obesity
    • Assessment and management
  • Specific nutritional deficiencies
    • Vitamin B12
    • Other nutrient deficiencies

Dysphagia

  • Presentation
  • Assessment
    • Clinical assessment
    • Investigations
  • Management
    • Medications
    • Saliva control
    • Oral health
    • Seating
    • Communication
    • Decision-making framework

Oral health

  • Dental caries (tooth decay)
  • Dental erosion (tooth wear)
  • Periodontal disease (gum disease)
  • Dental malocclusion
  • Further reading

Sexuality

  • Factors affecting development of sexuality
    • Social factors
    • Access to information
    • Factors relating to specific disabilities
  • Counselling
  • Issues of privacy
  • Inappropriate sexual behaviour
  • Masturbation
    • Excessive masturbation
    • Anal masturbation
  • Homosexuality
  • Sexual abuse and exploitation
  • Sexual offending behaviour
  • Contraception
  • Sterilisation
  • Preventive health care
  • Further reading

Women’s health

  • Management principles
  • Menarche and onset of puberty
  • Menstrual management
    • Education
  • Reproduction
    • Education
    • Sexuality
    • Pregnancy outcomes
  • Health screening
  • Contraception
    • Rhythm method and barrier methods
    • Combined oral contraception
    • Progestogen-only contraception
    • Progestogen-only contraception
    • Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA)
    • Intrauterine devices
    • Sterilisation
    • Emergency contraception
  • Menopause
  • Gynaecological problems
    • Menstrual problems
  • Menstrual suppression
    • Continuous progestogens
    • Oral contraceptive pill
    • Injectable progestogens
    • Surgery

Men’s health

  • Androgen deficiency
    • Symptoms
    • Diagnosis
    • Treatment
  • Delayed puberty
  • Cryptorchidism
    • Testicular surveillance
  • Inguinal hernia
  • Prostate cancer
    • Symptoms
    • Screening
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Ejaculatory failure
  • Further reading

Advocacy

  • People with developmental disability as advocates
  • Support people as advocates
  • General practitioner as an advocate
    • With family members and other support persons
    • With government departments
    • With the public hospital system

Legal issues—consent and guardianship

  • Decision-making for children
    • What decisions can parents make?
  • Decision-making for adults with impaired capacity
    • Can the person make their own decision?
    • Who can help with decision-making?
    • When is consent needed?
    • Can the patient object to treatment?
    • When does a substitute decision-maker need to be formally appointed?
    • Who appoints a formal decision-maker for adults?
  • Enduring guardianships and enduring powers of attorney
  • Disability discrimination
  • Duty of care
  • Privacy
  • Legal resources

Down syndrome

  • Aetiology
  • Antenatal screening and diagnosis
    • Screening
    • Diagnosis
  • Management
    • General
    • Recommendations for general screenings
    • Neonatal care (0 to 6 weeks)
    • Infancy (6 weeks to 1 year)
    • Preschool and kindergarten (1 to 5 years)
    • Primary school (5 to 11 years)
    • Secondary school (12 to 18 years)
    • Adulthood
    • Aged care
  • Role of the general practitioner
    • Other therapies

Cerebral palsy

  • Aetiology
    • Prenatal events
    • Perinatal events
    • Postnatal events
  • Classification
  • Presentation and diagnosis
    • Children
    • Adults
  • Management
    • Children
    • Adults
    • Management of associated health problems
  • Health issues related to ageing
  • Referrals
  • Support for the individual and family

Autism spectrum disorders (pervasive developmental disorders)

  • Aetiology
  • Presentation
    • Autistic disorder
    • Asperger’s disorder
    • Atypical autism (pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified—PDDNOS)
  • Diagnosis
  • Role of the general practitioner
  • Health issues
  • Behavioural issues
    • Problem behaviours
    • Early behavioural intervention
    • Other interventions
  • Medication
  • Psychiatric disorders
  • Long-term outcomes
  • Referrals, services and resources

Fragile X syndrome

  • Aetiology
    • Genetics
    • Pattern of inheritance
  • Presentation
    • Individuals with full mutation
    • Individuals with premutation (fragile X syndrome carriers)
  • Testing
    • Who should be tested for fragile X syndrome?
  • Management
    • Counselling
    • Early intervention
    • Support for families
    • Specific issues
    • Referrals
    • Educational strategies
    • Maximising strengths

Prader-Willi syndrome

  • Aetiology
  • Pathology
  • Presentation
  • Diagnosis
  • Management of associated health problems
    • Failure to thrive
    • Respiratory problems
    • Sleep disorders
    • Short stature
    • Obesity
  • Biopsychosocial issues
    • Cognitive disabilities
    • Behavioural phenotype
    • Psychiatric disorders
  • Clinics and support associations

Tuberous sclerosis

  • Aetiology
  • Diagnosis
  • Characteristics
    • Skin lesions
    • Seizures
    • Intellectual disability
    • Other health and behavioural issues
  • Management

Rett syndrome

  • Aetiology
  • Clinical and molecular diagnosis
  • Characteristics
    • Necessary criteria
    • Supportive criteria
    • Additional features
  • Management

Williams syndrome

  • Aetiology
  • Diagnosis
  • Characteristics
    • Facial features
    • Growth
    • Medical issues
    • Cognitive, behavioural and neurological problems
  • Management

Angelman syndrome

  • Aetiology
  • Diagnosis
  • Clinical characteristics
  • Management

Noonan syndrome

  • Aetiology
  • Diagnosis
  • Characteristics
    • Growth
    • Medical issues
    • Cognitive and behavioural problems
  • Management

Neurofibromatosis type 1

  • Aetiology
  • Diagnosis
  • Characteristics
  • Management
  • Fetal alcohol syndrome
  • Aetiology
  • Diagnosis
    • Key features
  • Management
    • Prenatal
    • Infants and children
    • Adolescents

Resources

  • Commonwealth services
  • State disability resources
  • Local Government: Disability services
  • Other resources

Associations for specific syndromes

Glossary

Endorsements
Expert Group