Topics in Endocrinology version 4

Getting to know your drugs
Diabetes: diagnosis and principles of management
Diabetes: therapy
Diabetes: complications
Overweight and obesity
Thyroid disorders
Adrenal disorders
Pituitary disorders
Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities
Osteoporosis
Disorders of bone and calcium homeostasis
Paget’s disease of bone
Hormonal contraception for women
Menstrual disorders
Female sex hormone replacement therapy
Male hypogonadism
Male sexual dysfunction
Infertility
Androgenisation in women
Endocrine disorders and pregnancy
Endocrine disorders in children
Endocrine emergencies
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Sources of information
Formula for calculating body surface area

Getting to know your drugs

• Oral antidiabetic drugs
• Insulin
• Drugs used to aid weight loss
• Thyroid replacement therapy
• Antithyroid drugs
• Drugs used in bone disease and calcium homeostasis
• Corticosteroids
• Steroidogenesis inhibitors
• Oestrogens
• Clomiphene
• Progestins
• Androgens
• Antiandrogens
• Tibolone
• Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
• Recombinant follicle stimulating hormone
• Gonadotrophin releasing hormone and its analogues
• Dopamine agonists
• Antidiuretic hormone and its analogue
• Somatropin (recombinant human growth hormone)
• Somatostatin analogues
• Other drugs used in endocrinology

Diabetes: diagnosis and principles of management

• Classification
• Screening and diagnosis
• Management plan for people with prediabetes
• Management plan for people with diabetes

Diabetes: therapy

• Treatment targets
• Type 1 diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes
• Factors that alter diabetes therapy
• Glucose control in critically ill patients
• Hyperglycaemia in patients on antipsychotic drugs
• Hyperglycaemia in patients on pharmacological glucocorticoid doses

Diabetes: complications

• Hypoglycaemia
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemia
• Lactic acidosis
• Long-term complications
• Other complications
• Large vessel disease
• Monitoring to prevent, and allow early treatment of, complications

Overweight and obesity

• Assessment of weight and obesity
• Conditions associated with obesity
• Management

Thyroid disorders

• Assessment of thyroid status
• Hypothyroidism
• Thyroid hormone changes in critical illness
• Hyperthyroidism
• Thyroid cancer
• Postpartum thyroid dysfunction
• Euthyroid goitre
• Subacute thyroiditis
• Drugs that influence thyroid hormones and function
• Unproven or idiosyncratic use of thyroid hormones

Adrenal disorders

• Primary adrenal insufficiency
• Adrenocortical suppression
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• Elective surgery and cortisol deficiency
• Hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism
• Primary hyperaldosteronism
• Cushing syndrome
• Phaeochromocytoma

Pituitary disorders

• Hypopituitarism
• Pituitary tumours
• Lymphocytic hypophysitis

Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities

• Principles
• Sodium imbalance
• Potassium imbalance
• Phosphate imbalance
• Magnesium imbalance
• Calcium imbalance

Osteoporosis

• T-scores and Z-scores
• Risk of osteoporosis and fractures
• Prevention
• Treatment
• Specific patient groups
• Monitoring treatment
• Prevention of falls, fractures and restoration of mobility

Disorders of bone and calcium homeostasis

• Osteomalacia and rickets
• Hypocalcaemia
• Hypercalcaemia
• Hyperparathyroidism
• Hypophosphataemia
• Hyperphosphataemia

Paget’s disease of bone

• Bone turnover markers
• Treatment

Hormonal contraception for women

• Oral contraception
• Injectable hormonal contraception
• Other hormonal contraceptive devices
• Factors influencing the choice of hormonal contraceptive
• Postcoital (emergency) contraception

Menstrual disorders

• Normal menstrual cycle
• Menorrhagia
• Dysmenorrhoea
• Amenorrhoea and oligomenorrhoea
• Premenstrual syndrome

Female sex hormone replacement therapy

• Delayed puberty in girls
• Primary amenorrhoea
• Secondary amenorrhoea
• Menopause

Male hypogonadism

• Delayed puberty in boys
• Androgen replacement therapy

Male sexual dysfunction

• Erectile dysfunction
• Priapism
• Ejaculatory disorders

Infertility

• Anovulatory infertility
• Endometriosis
• Male infertility

Androgenisation in women

• Possible causes
• Hirsutism
• Androgenetic alopecia
• Polycystic ovary syndrome

Endocrine disorders and pregnancy

• Diabetes
• Thyroid disorders
• Adrenal disorders
• Pituitary disorders
• Bone and calcium disorders
• Hirsutism
• Lactation suppression

Endocrine disorders in children

• Diabetes mellitus
• Obesity
• Childhood hypoglycaemia unrelated to diabetes
• Thyroid disorders
• Adrenal disorders
• Short stature
• Pituitary disorders
• Gonadal disorders
• Bone and calcium disorders

Endocrine emergencies

Pregnancy and breastfeeding

Sources of information

Formula for calculating body surface area

Electronic version

Therapeutic Guidelines: Endocrinology is available in electronic format as part of eTG complete.